English Grammar/ Fifth Lesson / القواعد الإنجليزية/ الدرس الخامس/ Present Perfect /المضارع التام

    • English Grammar/ Fifth Lesson / القواعد الإنجليزية/ الدرس الخامس/ Present Perfect /المضارع التام



      Welcome all to our English Grammar Lesson
      We learned in the previous lesson about
      Past Participle Tense
      It is time now to learn the


      Present Perfect



      Present Perfect is
      a combination of past and present.
      An actions in the past has something to do with the present
      .
      Present Perfect formed by
      adding has/have to the past participle

      (has/have + past participle)


      الفعل المضارع التام هو
      دمج مابين الفعل الماضي والفعل المضارع.
      حدث أو عمل وقع في الماضي ومرتبط بالحاضر.
      يصاغ المضارع التام بإضافة
      has/have للاسم المفعول
      ومن المثلة عليه:


      Examples:
      You have seen that movie many times.
      Have you seen that movie many times?
      You
      have not seen that movie many times.

      There are two major categories for using present perfect
      Unspecified Time Before Now
      &
      Duration From the Past Until Now

      يصنف الفعل المضارع التام إلى نوعين رئيسيين
      زمن غير محدد قبل الآن ( الحاضر)
      و
      فترة زمنية من الماضي وحتى الآن



      USE 1

      Unspecified Time Before Now




      We use the Present Perfect to say that
      an action happened at an unspecified time before now.
      The exact time is not important.
      You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with
      specific time expressions such as:

      نستخدم المضارع التام للتحدث عن
      عمل حدث في زمن ماضٍ غير محدد.
      الزمن الفعلي لا يهم.
      لا يمكننا استخدام المضارع التام مع تعابير زمنية محددة
      مثل:

      yesterday, one year ago,
      last week, when I was a child,
      when I lived in Japan,
      at that moment, that day, one day, etc.


      We CAN use the Present Perfect with
      unspecific expressions such as:

      يمكننا استخدام المضارع التام
      مع تعابير غير محددة
      مثل

      ever, never, once, many times,
      several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.


      Examples:

      I have seen that movie twenty times.

      I think I have met him once before.

      There have been many earthquakes in California.

      People have traveled to the Moon.

      People have not traveled to Mars.

      Have you read the book yet?

      Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

      A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
      B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.



      The concept of "unspecified time"
      can be very confusing to English learners.
      It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:

      مفهوم الوقت غير المحدد قد يكون مشوش قليلا
      لمتعلمي اللغة الإنجليزية.
      لذا من الأفضل ربطه بالمواضيع التالية


      TOPIC 1

      Experience

      You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience.
      It is like saying,
      "I have the experience of..."
      You can also use this tense to say that
      you have never had a certain experience.
      The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

      نستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن تجربة ما
      وقد يستخدم للتعبير عن عدم خوض التجربة
      ولا يمكننا وصف زمن محدد أثناء استخدام المضارع التامك
      ما سبق أن ذكرنا


      Examples:

      I have been to France.

      This sentence means that
      you have had the experience of being in France.
      Maybe you have been there once,
      or several times.

      هذه الجملة تعني اننا لدينا تجربة التواجد في فرنسا.
      ربما ذات مره مسبقا
      او مرات عدة


      I have been to France three times.

      You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
      بإمكاننا اضافة عدد المرات في الجملة

      I have never been to France.

      This sentence means that
      you have not had the experience of going to France.


      هذه الجملة تعني أنه لم يسبق لنا التواجد في فرنسا
      أي ليس لنا تجربة في التواجد هناك


      I think I have seen that movie before.

      He has never traveled by train.

      Osama has studied two foreign languages.

      A: Have you ever met him?
      B: No, I have not met him.



      TOPIC 2

      Change Over Time

      We often use the Present Perfect to talk about
      change that has happened over a period of time.

      نستخدم المضارع التام للتحدث عن
      تغيرات حدثت في فترة زمنية.


      Examples:

      You have grown since the last time I saw you.

      The government has become more interested in arts education.

      Japanese has become one of the most popular coursesat the university since the Asian studies program was established.

      My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.



      TOPIC 3

      Accomplishments

      We often use the Present Perfect to
      list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity.
      You cannot mention a specific time.

      غالبا ما نستخدم المضارع التام
      لتعديد الإنجازات الفردية والإنسانية.
      لا يمكننا ذكر زمن محدد لذلك.


      Examples:

      Man has walked on the Moon.

      Our son has learned how to read.

      Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.

      Scientists have split the atom.


      TOPIC 4

      An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting


      We often use the Present Perfect to say that
      an action which we expected has not happened.
      Using the Present Perfect suggests that
      we are still waiting for the action to happen.

      غالبا ما نستخدم الفعل المضارع التام لنقول أن
      العمل الذي المتوقع لم يحدث.
      استخدام المضارع التام يشير إلى أن
      لازلنا ننتظر حدوث العمل.


      Examples:

      Amjad has not finished his homework yet.

      Noor hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.

      Fatema has still not arrived.

      The rain hasn't stopped.



      TOPIC 5

      Multiple Actions at Different Times

      We also use the Present Perfect
      to talk about several different actions
      which have occurred in the past at different times.
      Present Perfect suggests the process
      is not complete and more actions are possible.

      نحن أيضا نستخدم المضارع التام
      للحديث عن مجموعة من الأحداث المختلفة
      التي حدثت في الماضي
      في أوقات مختلفة.
      المضارع التام يشير إلى أن العملية لم تكتمل
      والعديد من الأحداث ممكنة.


      Examples:


      The army has attacked that city five times.

      I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.

      We have had many major problems while working on this project.

      She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.



      Time Expressions with Present Perfect

      When we use the Present Perfect it means that
      something has happened at some point in our lives before now.
      Remember,
      the exact time the action happened is not important.

      عندما نستخدم المضارع التام
      هذا يعني أن
      شيء ما حدث في فترة من حياتنا.
      تذكر أن
      الزمن الدقيق للحدث/العمل ليس مهما.





      Sometimes,
      we want to limit the time
      we are looking in for an experience.
      We can do this with expressions such as:

      أحيانا ترغب في تقليص الزمن
      لذا نستخدم بعض التعبيرات
      مثل


      in the last week, in the last year,
      this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.






      Examples:


      Have you been to Mexico in the last year?

      I have seen that movie six times in the last month.

      They have had three tests in the last week.

      She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.

      My car has broken down three times this week.


      NOTICE

      "Last year" and "in the last year"
      are very different in meaning.

      "Last year" means the year before now,
      and it is considered a specific time
      which requires
      Simple Past.

      "In the last year" means
      from 365 days ago until now.
      It is not considered a specific time,
      so it requires Present Perfect.

      ملاحظة

      هنالك فرق كبير بين
      " العام الماضي" و " في العام الماضي"

      " العام الماضي" يعني
      السنة التي قبل الآن
      وهذا يعني وقد محدد
      الذي يتطلب مضارع بسيط.

      " في العام الماضي" يعني
      من 365 يوم ( عدد أيام السنة)
      حتى الآن
      فلا يعتبر زمن محدد لذا يتطلب مضارع تام.


      Examples:
      I went to Mexico last year.

      I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.

      I have been to Mexico in the last year.
      I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now.



      USE 2

      Duration From the Past Until Now
      (Non-Continuous Verbs)






      With
      Non-Continuous Verbs
      and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs

      we use the Present Perfect
      to show that something started in the past
      and has continued up until now.

      مع الأفعال غير المستمرة و
      الأفعال المتباينة غير المستمرة
      نستخدم المضارع التام
      لإيضاح أن شيء ما بدأ في الماضي
      ويواصل حتى الآن

      "For five minutes,"
      "for two weeks,"
      and "since Tuesday"


      are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

      Examples:

      I have had a cold for two weeks.

      She has been in England for six months.

      Noor has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.


      I think that's is the end of my lesson
      If you have any question
      feel free to ask
      Wish you all the best
      :)

      Done By
      QaReAa

    • Thanks to the effort of the most wonderful



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      ♣فينـــــــــــي عــــــــــزه أحرقت جمــــــــــر الأشــــــواق وفينــــــــــي هيبــــــــــه بعثرت عــــــــــزة إنســـــــــان♣
    • مفيد جدااا.. هذا اللي كنت اريده... شكرااا لك اختي قارئة...

      لكن سؤال: been وgone...شو الفرق لما نستخدمهم مع المضارع هذا؟؟؟

      و شيء اخر... عادي ندخل anyعلى هالمضارع؟؟؟

      و حسب ما اعرف.. انه hasتستخدم للمفرد...و have للجمع و لـ i...صح؟؟؟
    • شبيهة الورد كتب:

      قواعد ممتاز باخذهم أختي
      شكرا لك على الدعوه
      برجع أتابع الأفعال مرة ثانية ان شاء الله


      خذيهم ونشريهم حلال عليش
      أهم شي تستفيدي
      حياش الله بأي وقت
      وشكرا لك
      :)
    • *sun* كتب:

      مفيد جدااا.. هذا اللي كنت اريده... شكرااا لك اختي قارئة...

      لكن سؤال: been وgone...شو الفرق لما نستخدمهم مع المضارع هذا؟؟؟

      و شيء اخر... عادي ندخل anyعلى هالمضارع؟؟؟

      و حسب ما اعرف.. انه hasتستخدم للمفرد...و have للجمع و لـ i...صح؟؟؟


      welcome sun

      gone use when you want to talk about someone
      gone somewhere and he/she is still there
      for example
      He has gone to France.

      أي الشخص ذهب لفرنسا ولايزال هناك

      but

      been use when we want to say that
      we went somewhere
      and we returned back to our place
      for example
      He has been to France.

      أي هو ذهب لفرنسا وعاد

      ,,,,,,,

      We can use
      any but in the negative sentence
      for example
      I have never been to any foreign country

      I hope every thing clear now for you sis

      Best Wishes

      QaReAa
      :)
    • Hi
      well done dear
      thanks alot
      just
      i m little confuse
      when to use
      i have been & i had been
      since in xxx perfect
      both it deals with the past
      ~!@q
      sorry
      really i feel stupid many times
      $$-e
      لآ يغرق المرء لأنه سقط في النهر , بل لبقائه مغموراً تحت سطح الماء Paulo Coelho